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³¬Éù³ÉÏñ ultrasonic imaging
ʵʱ³ÉÏñ real-time imaging
»Ò½×ÏÔʾ gray scale display ²Ê½×ÏÔʾ color scale display ¾­Â­¶àÆÕÀÕ transcranial doppler ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕѪÁ÷ÏÔÏñ color doppler flow imaging ²ÊɫѪÁ÷ÔìÓ° color flow angiography ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕÄÜÁ¿Í¼color doppler energy ²ÊÉ«ÄÜÁ¿Í¼color power angio ³¬ÉùÄÚ¾µultrasound endoscope ³¬Éùµ¼¹Üultrasound catheter Ѫ¹ÜÄÚ³¬Éù intravascular ultrasound Ѫ¹ÜÄÚ³¬ÉùÏÔÏñ intravascular ultrasonic imaging ¹ÜÇ»ÄÚ³¬ÉùÏÔÏñ intraluminal ultrasonic imaging Ç»ÄÚ³¬ÉùÏÔÏñ endoluminal sonography ÐÄÄÚ³¬ÉùÏÔÏñ intracardiac ultrasonic imaging ÄÚ¾µ³¬ÉùɨÃè endoscopic ultrasonography ÄÚ¾µ³¬Éù¼¼Êõ endosonography °òë×¾µ³¬Éù¼¼Êõ cystosonography ÒõµÀ¾µ³¬Éù¼¼Êõ vaginosonography ¾­ÒõµÀ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕÏÔÏñtransvaginal color doppler imaging ¾­Ö±³¦³¬ÉùɨÃè transrectal ultrasonography Ö±³¦¾µ³¬Éù£¨¼¼Êõ£© rectosonography ¾­ÄòµÀɨ²é transurethral scanning ½éÈëÐÔ³¬Éù interventional ultrasound ÊõÖг¬Éù¼àÊÓ intraoperative ultrasonic monitoring ³¬ÉùÒýµ¼¾­Æ¤¸Î´©´Ìµ¨¹ÜÔìÓ° ultrasound guided percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography ³¬ÉùÒýµ¼¾­Æ¤´©´Ì×¢ÉäÒÒ´¼ US guided percutaneous alcohol injection ³¬ÉùÒýµ¼¾­Æ¤µ¨ÄÒµ¨Ö­ÒýÁ÷ US guided percutaneous gallbladder bile drainage ³¬ÉùÒýµ¼¾­Æ¤³éÎüUS guided percutaneous aspiration ³¬ÉùÒýµ¼Ì¥¶ù×éÖ¯»î¼ìUS guided fetal tissue biopsy ³¬ÉùÒýµ¼¾­Æ¤¸Î´©´ÌÞ²ÂöÔìÓ° US guided percutaneous transhepatic portography ÈýάÏÔʾ three dimensional display ÈýάͼÏñÖؽ¨ 3D image reconstruction ×éÖ¯ÌØÐÔ³ÉÏñ tissue specific imaging ¶¯Ì¬³ÉÏñ dynamic imaging Êý×Ö³ÉÏñ digital image Ѫ¹ÜÏÔÏñ angiography ÉùÏñͼ·¨ echography sonography ÉùÏñͼ sonogram echogram ¶àÓÃ;̽ͷ multipurpose scanner ¿íƵ´ø̽ͷ wide-band probe »·ÕóÏà¿Ø̽ͷ phased annular array probe ÊõÖÐ̽ͷ intraoperative porbe ´©´Ì̽ͷ ultrasound guided probe ʳ¹Ü̽ͷ transesophagel probe ¾­Ê³¹Ü³¬ÉùÐĶ¯Í¼Ì½Í·transesophagel echocardiography probe ÒõµÀ̽ͷ transvaginal probe Ö±³¦Ì½Í· transrectal probe ÄòµÀ̽ͷ transurethral probe °òë×̽ͷ intervesical probe Ç»ÄÚ̽ͷ intracavitary probe ÄÚǻ̽ͷ endo-probe µ¼¹Ü³¬Éù̽ͷ catheter-based US probe ɨÃ跽ʽ scan mode ÏßÕó linear array ͹Õó convex array ÉÈɨ sector scanning ´«¸ÐÆ÷ sensor »»ÄÜÆ÷ transducer ·Å´óÆ÷ amplifier ×èÄáÆ÷ buffer ½âµ÷Æ÷¡¢¼ì²¨Æ÷ demodulator ´¥·¢Æ÷ trigger Áãλµ÷Õû zero adjustment ¶¨±ê¡¢Ð£Õý calibration ¿ìËÙʱ¼ä³£Êýµç· fast time constant ×Ô¶¯ÔöÒæ¿ØÖÆ automatic gain control Éî¶ÈÔöÒæ²¹³¥ depth gain compensation ʱ¼äÔöÒæ²¹³¥ time gain compensation ¶ÔÊýѹËõ logarithmic compression ÁéÃô¶Èʱ¼ä¿ØÖÆ sensitivity time control ¶¯Ì¬·¶Î§ dynamic range Ïû³ý erase, eliminate ±ä»» shift µ¹Öᢷ´×ª invert Ïû³ý clear ×¢ÊÍ annotation ·Å´ó magnification , magnify , zoom дÈë write ¼Ç¼ record ¾Û½¹ focus Ö¡ÂÊ frame rate ¶³½á freeze ×Ö·û character ÒÖÖÆ rejection, reject , suppression ÔöÒæ gain Ö¡Ïà¹Ø frame correlation »Ø·Å rendering , play back ²ÊÉ«¼«ÐÔ color polarity ²ÊÉ«±ß½ç color edge ²ÊÉ«ÔöÇ¿ color enhance ²Ëµ¥Ñ¡Ôñ menu selection ²ÊÉ«Óà»Ô color persistence ²ÊÉ«²¶»ñ color capture ²ÊÉ«±ÚÂ˲¨ color wall filter ²ÊÉ«ËÙ¶ÈÏÔÏñ color velocity imaging ²ÊɫתÏò color steering ²ÊÉ«Ïû³ý color cut ²ÊÉ«Ëø¶¨ color lock ³ÉÏñÊý¾Ý imaging data Ô¤ÉèÖà preset Ç°´¦Àí pre process ºó´¦Àí post process Öص÷¡¢¸´Ô­ reset ¶¯Ì¬ÆµÂÊɨÃè dynamic frequency scanning ½¹¾à focal distance ¶¯Ì¬¾Û½¹ dynamic focusing »¬¶¯¾Û½¹ sliging focusing ÇøÓò¾Û½¹ zone focusing Á¬Ðø¾Û½¹ sequential focusing µç×Ó¾Û½¹ electric focusing ·Ö¶Î¾Û½¹ segment focusing ¶à¶Î¾Û½¹ multistage focusing È«³¡Á¬Ðø¾Û½¹ confocusing ͼÏñ¾ùÔÈÐÔ image uniformity Ô˶¯±æ±ðÁ¦ motion discrimination ´©Í¸Éî¶È penetration depth ¿Õ¼ä·Ö±æÁ¦ spatial resolution ˲ʱ·Ö±æÁ¦ temporal resolution Ö¡·Ö±æÁ¦ frame resolution ͼÏñÏß·Ö±æÁ¦ image-line resolution ¶Ô±È·Ö±æÁ¦ contrast resolution ϸ½Ú·Ö±æÁ¦ detail resolution ¶àÆÕÀÕÈ¡ÑùÈÝ»ý doppler sample volume ¶àÆÕÀÕÁ÷ËÙ·Ö²¼·Ö±æÁ¦ doppler flow-velocity distributive resolution ¶àÆÕÀÕÁ÷Ïò·Ö±æÁ¦ doppler flow-direction resolution ¶àÆÕÀÕ×îµÍÁ÷ËÙ·Ö±æÁ¦ doppler minimum flow-velocity resolution ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕ¿Õ¼ä·Ö±æÁ¦ spatial resolution of color doppler ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕʱ¼ä·Ö±æÁ¦ time resolution of color doppler ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕ×îµÍÁ÷ËÙ·Ö±æÁ¦ minimum flow-velocity of color doppler ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕÇ¿¶È color doppler level ²ÊÉ«¶àÆÕÀÕ´¦Àí¹¦ÄÜ°å CFM processing board ²ÊÉ«ÊÓƵ¼àÊÓÆ÷ color video monitor

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´óÄÔ cerebrum ´óÄÔ×ÝÁÑ longitudinal cerebral fissure ´óÄÔƤÖÊ cerebral cortex ´óÄÔÁ­ falx cerebri ´óÄÔµ¼Ë®¹Ü£¬ÖÐÄÔË®¹Ü cerebral aqueduct ÖÐÄÔ midbrain, mesencephalon СÄÔ cerebellum СÄÔÄ» tentorium cerebelli ÇðÄÔ£¬ÊÓÇð thalmus ÑÓËè medulla oblongata ²àÄÔÊÒ lateral ventricle µÚÈýÄÔÊÒ third ventricle µÚËÄÄÔÊÒ fourth ventricle µÚÎåÄÔÊÒ fifth ventricle ÄÔÇÅ £¬ÇÅÄÔ pons ÄÔ¸É brain stem ¼äÄÔ diencephalon Öмä¿é intermidiate mass β״ºË caudate nucleus ÂöÂç´Ô choroid plexus ëÝëÕÌå corpus callosum ÄÔµº£¬µºÒ¶ insula ´óÄԽŠcerebral peduncles ´óÄÔÍâ²à¹µ£¨ÎÑ¡¢ÁÑ£© lateral sulcus , sylvius fissure ñ·Áþ fornix ͸Ã÷¸ô septum pellucidum ͸Ã÷¸ôÇ» cavity of septum pellucidum ¶îÒ¶ frontal lobe ¶¥Ò¶ parietal lobe ÕíÒ¶ occipital lobe ò¨Ò¶ temporale lobe ÔµÒ¶ limbic lobe ´óÄÔ¶¯Âö»· Willi's artery circle ´óÄÔÇ°¶¯Âö anterior cerebral artery ´óÄÔÖж¯Âö middle cerebral artery ´óÄÔºó¶¯Âö posterior cerebral artery»ùµ×¶¯Âö basilar artery Ç°½»Í¨Ö§£¨¶¯Âö£© anterior communicating branch ºó½»Í¨Ö§£¨¶¯Âö£© posterior communicating branch ­ǰÎÑ£¬°¼ anterior cranial fossa ­ÖÐÎÑ£¬°¼ middle cranial fossa ­ºóÎÑ£¬°¼ posterior cranial fossa

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ÑÛÇò optic bulb ,eyeball ½ÇĤ cornea Ç°·¿ anterior chamber ºçĤ iris ½Þ×´Ìå ciliary body ÊÓÍøĤ retina ÂöÂçĤ choroid ¹®Ä¤ sclera ·¿Ë® aqueous humour ²£Á§Ìå vitreous ²£Á§ÌåĤ hyaloid membrae ¾§×´Ìå lens £¨ÑÛ£©Ö±¼¡ recti muscles ÊÓÉñ¾­ optic nerve ¿ôÉ϶¯Âö supraorbital artery ÑÛ¶¯Âö ophthalmic artery ÊÓÍøĤÖÐÑ붯Âö central retinal artery ½Þ×´ºó³¤£¨¶Ì£©¶¯Âöposterior long (short) ciliary artery ÀáÏÙ¶¯Âö lacrimal gland artery »¬³µÉ϶¯Âö supratrochlear artery ÑÛ¾²Âö ophthalmic vein ¿ôÉϾ²Âö suprorbital vein »¬³µÉϾ²Âö supratrochlear vein ÊÓÍøĤÖÐÑë¾²Âö central retinal vein ÎÐ×´¾²Âö vorticose veins ÑÛ¿ô orbit ½áĤ conjunctiva ÍÙÒºÏÙ¡¢ÏÑÏÙ salivary gland ÈùÏÙ parotid (gland) ò¢ÏÂÏÙ submaxillary gland ÉàÏÂÏÙ sublingual gland ¼××´ÏÙ thyroid (gland ) ¼××´ÅÔÏÙ parathyroid (gland ) ÉÏò¢ñ¼ maxillary sinus Æø¹Ü trachea ʳ¹Ü esophagus ÈéÏÙ breast, mammary gland ¶î front Õí occiput ò¨ temples
¼Õ cheek ÐØÀª¡¢ÐØÇ» thorax, thorax cavity Àß¹Ç ribs, costae ÀßÈí¹Çcostal cartilages ÐØ¹Ç sternum ÈéÏÙ×éÖ¯ breast tissue ÐüÈÍ´øsuspensory ligament, Copper's ligament ÈéÏÙºó×éÖ¯ retromammary tissue ºáëõ diaphragm ¾±×ܶ¯Âö common carotid artery ¾±Í⶯Âö external carotid artery ¾±ÄÚ¶¯Âö internal carotid artery ×µ¶¯Âö vertebral artery ÎÞÃû¶¯Âö innominate artery ¾±ÄÚ¾²Âö internal jugular vein ¼××´ÏÙÉ϶¯Âö superior thyroid artery Èé·¿ÄÚ¶¯Âö internal mammary artery

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¸¹Ö÷¶¯Âö abdominal aorta ¸¹Ç»¶¯Âö celiac artery ³¦ÏµÄ¤É϶¯Âö superior mesenteric artery ³¦ÏµÄ¤Ï¶¯Âö inferior mesenteric artery ¸Î×ܶ¯Âö common hepatic artery ¸Î¶¯Âö hepatic artery θ×ó¶¯Âö left gastric artery θʮ¶þÖ¸³¦¶¯Âö gastroduodenal artery Æ¢¶¯Âö splenic artery Éö¶¯Âö renal artery Âѳ²¶¯Âö ovarian artery ÷Ä×ܶ¯Âö common iliac artery ÷ÄÄÚ¶¯Âö internal iliac artery ÷ÄÍ⶯Âö external iliac artery Ëø¹Ç϶¯Âö subclavian artery ×µ¶¯Âö vertebral artery Èé·¿ÄÚ¶¯Âö internal mammary artery ¾±ÄÚ¾²Âö internal jugular vein ¾±Íâ¾²Âö external jugular vein Ò¸¾²Âö axillary vein Ææ¾²Âö azygos vein ´óÒþ¾²Âö great saphenous vein ÏÂÇ»¾²Âö inferior vena cava Þ²Âö portal vein ³¦ÏµÄ¤ÉϾ²Âö superior mesenteric vein ¸Î¾²Âö hepatic vein Éö¾²Âö renal vein Ñü¾²Âö lumbar vein ¾«Ë÷¾²Âö spermatic vein Éö¹­Ðζ¯Âö renal arcuate arteries ¹É¶¯Âö femoral artery ëŶ¯Âö humeral artery è㶯Âö radial artery³ß¶¯Âöulnar artery Ã涯Âö facial artery Ëø¹Ç϶¯Âö subclavian artery ¾±Ç³¶¯Âö superficial cervical artery ò¨Ç³¶¯Âö superficial temporal artery

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¸Î×óÒ¶left liver lobe(LL) ¸ÎÓÒÒ¶right liver lobe(RL) β״Ҷ caudate lobe(CL) ·½Ò¶ quadrate lobe(QL) ¸½´¹Ò¶Riedel's lobe µ¨ÄÒgallbladder(GB) µ¨ÄÒ¹Ü cystic duct(CD) ¸Î¹Ü hepatic duct(HD) µ¨×ܹÜcommon bile duct (CBD) ¸ÎÃÅ porta hepatis µ¨ÄÒÎÑ gallbladder forssa ¸ÎÔ²ÈÍ´ø hepatoumbilical ligament, round ligament ¸ÎÁ­×´ÈÍ´ø falciform ligament ¸Î¾²ÂöÈÍ´ø venose ligament µ¨¹Ü¡¢µ¨µÀ bile duct(BD) ÂÝÐý×´°ê spiral valve ¸Î×Ü¹Ü common hepatic duct ¸ÎÍ⵨¹Ü extrahepatic duct ·¦Ìغø¸¹ Vater's ampulla ÒÈÏÙ pancreas ÒÈ¹Ü pancreatic duct , Wirsung's duct ¸±ÒÈ¹Ü Santorini duct ÒÈÍ· head of pancreas ÒȾ± neck of pancreas ÒÈÌå body of pancreas ÒÈβ tail of pancreas ¹³Í» uncinate process Æ¢ spleen Æ¢ÃÅ splenic hilum ÉöÖÜÖ¬·¾ perinephrit fat ¼¯ºÏϵͳ collective system Éö kedney ÉöÓÛ renal calyes ׶Ìå pyramids ÉöÖù renal colums ÉöÉÏÏÙ adrenal gland ÊäÄò¹Ü ureters, ureteral , uretero °òë× urinary bladder , bladder ÄòµÀ urethra غÍè testis ¸½Øº epididymis ÇÊĤ tunica vagialis, vagina tunic °×Ĥ tunica albuginea , albuginea Ê侫¹Ü ductus deferens, deferent duct ¾«ÄÒ vesiculae seminals, seminal vesicle É侫¹Ü ejaculatory ducts ÒõÄÒ scrotum, scrotal sac ¾«Ë÷ spermatic cord ¸¹¹É¹µ inguen Ç°ÁÐÏÙ prostate

5 ¸¾²ú¿Æ
×Ó¹¬ uterus ÊäÂÑ¹Ü uterine tube, oviduct Âѳ² ovary, ovaries ×Ó¹¬¾± cervix ×Ó¹¬Ç» uterine canal ×Ó¹¬ÄÚĤ endometriosis ×Ó¹¬Ö±³¦ÏÝ°¼ rectouterine fossa ×Ó¹¬ÄÚ¿Ú internal ostium of the uterus ×Ó¹¬¿Ú orifice of the uterus ÒõµÀ vagina ÅßÌ¥ embryo ÂÑ»ÆÄÒ yolk sac ÑòĤ amnion ÑòĤǻ amniotic cavity ÍÉĤ decidua ÈÞë villus ÈÞëĤ chorion Ì¥ÅÌ placenta Ì¥¶ù fetus Ì¥ÐÄ fetal heartÌ¥¶¯fetal movement, feta motion Ì¥¶ù¼¹Öù fetal spine Ì¥¶ùθÅÝ fetal stomach bubble Ì¥¶ùÐز¿fetal thorax Ì¥¶ùÉö fetal kidney Ì¥¶ùÖ«Ìå fetal limb Æê´ø umbilical cord ÂÑÅÝ£¬ÂËÅÝ follicle ¸½¼þ adnexa ÑòË® amniotic fluid ¹¬ÄÚ½ÚÓýÆ÷ intrauterine device ÈÑÉïÄÒ gestational sac ¶¥Íγ¤¶È crown-rump length Ë«¶¥¾¶ biparietal diameter ̥ͷָÊý cephalic index Õí¶î¾¶ occipito-frontal diameter ͷΧ head circumference ÐØΧ thoracic circumference ¸¹Î§ abdominal circumference СÄÔ¾¶ cerebellum diameter Í·£¨¾¶£©Ö¸Êý cephalic index Ë«ÑÛ¼ä¾à ocular distance ¸¹²¿ºá¾¶ transverse trunk diameter ¸¹²¿Ç°ºó¾¶ anteroposterior trunk diameter ×µ¹Ç³¤¶È£¨ÐØ6¡«Ñü3£©length of vertebrae ¼¹Öù spine, vertebral colum ¹É¹Ç³¤¶È femur length ëŹdz¤¶È humerus length Ì¥¶ùÌåÖØ fetal weight Æ궯Âö umbilical artery Æê¾²Âö umbilical vein Ì¥ÅÌ placenta ÔÐÖÜ gestational week ÔÐÁä gestational age

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