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第三章 合同的效力
Chapter III
Effect of Contracts
第五百零二条 依法成立的合同，自成立时生效，但是法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。
Article 502
A contract formed in accordance with law becomes effective upon its formation,
unless otherwise provided by law or agreed by the parties.
依照法律、行政法规的规定，合同应当办理批准等手续的，依照其规定。未办理批准等手续影响合同生效的，不影响合同中履行报批等义务条款以及相关条款的效力。应当办理申请批准等手续的当事人未履行义务的，对方可以请求其承担违反该义务的责任。
Where there are laws or administrative regulations providing that a contract
shall be subject to approval or other procedures, such provisions shall be
followed. Where failure to complete the approval or other procedures is to
affect the effectiveness of the contract, the validity of the clauses concerning
the performance of the obligation of filing for approval and the like procedures
and the other relevant clauses in the contract are not affected. Where the party
obligated to complete application for approval or other procedures fails to do
so, the other party may request the said party to bear the liability for breach
of such obligation.
依照法律、行政法规的规定，合同的变更、转让、解除等情形应当办理批准等手续的，适用前款规定。
Where there are laws or administrative regulations providing that modification,
assignment, or rescission of a contract shall be subject to approval or other
procedures, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall be applied.
第五百零三条 无权代理人以被代理人的名义订立合同，被代理人已经开始履行合同义务或者接受相对人履行的，视为对合同的追认。
Article 503
Where a person without authority concludes a contract in the name of a
principal, and if the principal has already started performing the contractual
obligation or accepted the performance of the other party, the contract is
deemed ratified.
第五百零四条 法人的法定代表人或者非法人组织的负责人超越权限订立的合同，除相对人知道或者应当知道其超越权限外，该代表行为有效，订立的合同对法人或者非法人组织发生效力。
Article 504
Where the legal representative of a legal person or the responsible person of an
unincorporated organization concludes a contract ultra vires, such an act is
effective and the contract is binding on the legal person or the unincorporated
organization unless the other party knows or should have known that the legal
representative or the responsible person acts ultra vires.
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