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唐诗300首 第11首
梦李白二首之一
杜甫
死别已吞声,生别常恻恻。
江南瘴疠地,逐客无消息。
故人入我梦,明我长相忆。
君今在罗网,何以有羽翼?
恐非平生魂,路远不可测。
魂来枫林青,魂返关塞黑。
落月满屋梁,犹疑照颜色。
水深波浪阔,无使蛟龙得。
Du Fu
SEEING Li Bai IN A DREAM I
There are sobs when death is the cause of parting;
But life has its partings again and again.
...From the poisonous damps of the southern river
You had sent me not one sign from your exile --
Till you came to me last night in a dream,
Because I am always thinking of you.
I wondered if it were really you,
Venturing so long a journey.
You came to me through the green of a forest,
You disappeared by a shadowy fortress....
Yet out of the midmost mesh of your snare,
How could you lift your wings and use them?
...I woke, and the low moon's glimmer on a rafter
Seemed to be your face, still floating in the air.
...There were waters to cross, they were wild and tossing;
If you fell, there were dragons and rivermonsters.
【注解】: 1、明:表明。 2、枫林青:指李白所在; 3、关塞黑:指杜甫所居秦陇地带。
4、落月两句:写梦醒后的幻觉。看到月色,想到梦境,李白容貌在月光下似乎隐约 可见。
【韵译】:
为死别往往使人泣不成声, 而生离却常令人更加伤悲。 江南山泽是瘴疬流行之处, 被贬谪的人为何毫无消息? 老朋友你忽然来到我梦里, 因为你知道我常把你记忆。
你如今陷入囹圄身不由己, 哪有羽翼飞来这北国之地? 梦中的你恐不会是鬼魂吧, 路途遥远生与死实难估计。 灵魂飘来是从西南青枫林, 灵魂返回是由关山的黑地。
明月落下清辉洒满了屋梁, 迷离中见到你的颜容憔悴。 水深浪阔旅途请多加小心, 不要失足落入蛟龙的嘴里。
【评析】: 天宝三年(744),李杜初会于洛阳,即成为深交。乾元元年(758),李白因参
加永王李的幕府而受牵连,被流放夜郎,二年春至巫山遇赦。杜甫只知李白流放, 不知赦还。这两首记梦诗是杜甫听到李白流放夜郎后,积思成梦而作。
诗以梦前,梦中,梦后的次序叙写。第一首写初次梦见李白时的心理,表现对老 友吉凶生死的关切。第二首写梦中所见李白的形象,抒写对老友悲惨遭遇的同情。
“故人来入梦,明我长相忆”。“水深波浪阔,无使蛟龙得”。“三夜频梦君, 情亲见君意。”这些佳句,体现了两人形离神合,肝胆相照,互劝互勉,至情交往的 友谊。
诗的语言,温柔敦厚,句句发自肺腑,字字恻恻动人,读来叫人心碎!
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